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Outline Introduction The emergence of the IMF IMF bailouts are the recipes for disasters, evidenced by the history Contemporary evidence of disastrous recipes of the IMF for stability To what extent is it true that the IMF bailouts are recipes for disaster? Yes, it is true because: It favors developed countries Its stabilization policy leads to destabilization It increases the balance of payment crisis IMF provides a "one shoe fits all" policy  It devalues the local currency It compels countries for more borrowing Causes of disastrous recipes of the IMF for stability Economic Causes Political Causes Ideological Causes Cultural Causes Social Causes Impacts of IMF bailouts Decreases Public Private Investment Increases Unemployment Open new ways for corruption Creates monopoly in private business owners Open ways for money laundering Already taken steps to counter the IMF bailout  Measures need to be taken to reduce the risks of the IMF bailouts Self-reliant economic...

IMF Bailout Package for Pakistan/Essay on pakistan economy The IMF deal is done after months of complex negotiations. It is a significant relief to a teetering economy. However, while the release of the much-awaited $1.17 billion may help the country escape the immediate threat of default, the crisis is far from over. The revival of the stalled IMF loan program was critical for a shaky government. However, like many developing nations, Pakistan is confronted with the specter of an economic collapse and is declared one of the most vulnerable states in this respect. The IMF deal was crucial to stabilizing the financial situation. The latest tranche is part of a $6bn loan facility. Pakistan entered the IMF program in 2019, but only half of the funds were disbursed as the previous government did not find it easy to keep the targets on track. A little before its ouster, the Imran Khan government announced a vast subsidy plan derailing the entire stabilization effort. It was driven by politi...

Short Essays : PCS Balochistan/ Topic: To err is to human and to forgive is divine To commit mistakes is a man's instinct, whereas to pardon those mistakes is the quality of the creator only. The error can be any act harmful to the interests of individuals, society, community, country, or the entire universe. Mistakes result from an intentional or unintentional way of harming, whether grave or venial. Mistakes are not bad, but their effects can be. One perspective regarding mistakes: Most of the discoveries in the world are only due to mistakes. The most significant reality of the world is change. Man likes change; for this sake, he tries new things and transforms his thoughts into actions. It is considered a mistake if these actions fail to desire an outcome. The question arises: is committing mistakes a crime, and to what extent? If making mistakes is a crime, what is the penalty, or how can it be rectified? As humans are created to make errors, and Allah Almighty is to forgive t...

 Modernity is an Unending Project: Literary Essay  Modernity is an unending project.    Outline  1. Introduction  2. What is meant by modernity? 3. History of the beginning of modernity  4. Current status of modernity  5. To what extent is modernity truly an unending project? Yes, it is true because: 5.1. Scientific inventions are carried out continuously  5.2. People have become dependent on scientific innovations  5.3. Education system is becoming modernized day by day 5.4. Economic development has been achieved through advanced research and development  5.5. Globalization will continuously have a connection with modernity  5.6. Technological advancement has brought a robust defense system to the countries  6. What are the rationales behind the low level of modernity in developing countries? 6.1. Illiteracy and backwardness  6.2. Poverty and unemployment  6.3. Lack of visionary leadershi...

 Does foreign aid help to achieve economic sustainability? / CSS 2023 Essay and Current Affairs                                     Outline  1. Introduction  2. What is foreign aid? Its scope and extent. 3. History of foreign aid provided to Pakistan  4. Current status of foreign aid to Pakistan  5. To what extent is it true that foreign aid helps to achieve economic sustainability? No, it is not because: 5.1. Foreign aid is short-term help to overcome balance of payment issues  5.2. Economic sustainability is not attained through foreign aid  5.3. Different types of aid, i.e., military aid is only for military purposes, not for the economy  5.4. Reliance on foreign aid results in a fragile and puppet government  5.5. Foreign aid affects the national image of the country as a beggar in the international community  5.6. Forei...

 Effects of Climate Change on Human Health / CSS 2023/ CSS Essay Past Paper   Climate Change and Health 1. Introduction 2. Historical Background 3. Current Status 4. Is it true that climate change affects health? Yes, it is true because; 5. 1st argument 6. 2nd Argument 7. 3rd Argument 8. Causes 9. Impacts 10. Steps Already Taken 11. Recommendations 12. Conclusion   Nothing is permanent except change; it is a well-known proverb. The world is changing, and so is its climate. Climate change is simultaneously a cause and effect of change in the world. In the contemporary world, since everything is connected and interrelated, therefore, change in one domain automatically prompts change – either express or implicit - in other domains. This is the case with climate change and its impacts on health. At the global level, the average life expectancy is reducing due to climate change. At the regional level, owing to climate change, Sri Lanka and Myanmar are facing the inherent threa...

Are modern wars not holy wars? How to write css essay outline/ Topic:  Are modern wars not holy wars? / CSS2023  Outline  1. Introduction  2. What is meant by war? Its scope and extent. 3. Historical events of wars fought between states  4. Current status of the war in this modern world  5. To what extent is it true that modern wars are not holy? Yes, it is true because: 5.1. Communities are fighting wars for their right to self-determination  5.2. Wars are fought to oust unfavorable leaders to install puppet governments 5.3. Wars fought to safeguard national interests and security  5.4. Global war on terror fought to eradicate terrorism from the world  5.5. Proxy wars are fought to weaken rival states and promote their narrative 5.6. Trade wars to attack rival states’ economy  5.7. Wars are fought to exert control on natural resources  5.8. Cyberwars are fought to steal the secrete information of rival states...

IMF Loan to Pakistan: Essay on pakistan economy / CSS 2023 Essay and Current Affairs   For a long time. There were some trusted advisers of rulers outside the formal set-up of their council of ministers. F.D. Roosevelt had his Harry Hopkins authorized to meet Stalin, and Neville Chamberlain had his heartily detested Horace Wilson. Jawaharlal Nehru had two baleful and unworthy characters as advisers, V.K. Krishna Menon and G. Parthasarathy. His advisers have strong points. The official, for all his qualities, is a 'file-wallah.' Precedents, memories limit his horizon, and the outlook he acquired in the office, the files. The outsider has his flaws. He can be a seeker of office from his partner in high office. In 1964, the Indian government set up a committee on the Indian foreign service. It contained a word of caution regarding 'advisers' from outside. The last 60 years are considered an enormous increase in this tribe, with little ostensible gain to the public interest...

 Justice System in Pakistan: Current Status  The incumbent government and its allies showed mistrust of the apex court and decided not to become part of court proceedings related to the election of the Punjab Chief Minister. The decision came when Supreme Court rejected the demand of the full court. The judiciary is entangled in a political power game compromising its credibility. The latest controversial role of the judiciary is the forthcoming system crash. The Supreme Court has declared Pervaiz Ilahi as Punjab CM during the election of Hamza Shehbaz as illegal. The ruling has roared the allied government. The Supreme Court has become a ground for political skirmishes. The conflicting parties have sought judicial intervention in their disputes. In this political crisis, it will be tough for the judiciary to satisfy both parties on sensitive political and constitutional matters. However, the new ruling has made it more controversial. The further interpretation from the court ...

 CSS essay: Elections in Pakistan  The current electoral situation fueled the fire for an already unstable and struggling country's political structure.  Usually, one side's win is a loss for the other side, but the reverse game happens because certain personalities take sudden turns. Whereas, rejections of votes; deputy Speaker's rulings; supreme court awaiting decision; public protests are yet to come in upcoming episodes of this political drama.  However, the coalition government will continue till August 2023. Meanwhile, the opposition will continue to demand general elections. The election commission of Pakistan and the supreme court's decision in this regard is essential. The power game is leading to increasing uncertainty. In lack of consensus between the opposition and Government on interim arrangements, the matter would be under the control of the Election Commission of Pakistan (Article 224-A). It is time to take serious steps because this political instabi...

CSS 2018 solved precis and composition paper   The writer is trying to suggest that it is difficult for men to work in both extremes: cold and hot weather. On the one hand, cold weather acts as a barrier because it paralyzes human energies while there is little to no incentive to work when there is simply no difficulty. During moderate cold temperatures - suitable for the temperate countries of northern Europe -- the true potential of human nature comes forward. This weather pushes humanity with the hope of acquiring amenities for himself and food to refill the energies. Whereas, in the tropics, where the abundant sun and hot weather make men lethargic, there is little need for clothes, fire, and food that can be obtained easily.  The writer is trying to relate the weather with the ambivalent human nature. As through different moments of the season-- especially in summer, man does not work much. Nevertheless, in winter, man becomes more active both mentally and physically. ...

Introduction What is Kashmir Issue? Historical Perspective of Kashmir Current Status of the Kashmir To what extent is it true that the Kashmir issue is difficult to resolve? Yes, it is true because: 1. The UN has failed to play its fundamental role to resolve the Kashmir issue 2. Unfair accession of Kashmir to India by Hari Singh was against the free will of Kashmiris 3. Suspension of Articles 35(A) and 370 are demoting Kashmir's Special Status given by Indian Constitution 4. Modi's Fascist aims are changing Kashmir into a bloodbath. 5. Ongoing Indian Barbarism and curfew are threats to the survival of Kashmir 6. Indian Barbarism is Promoting freedom struggle that leads to chaos and anarchy 7. Division of Hurriyat Leadership is a barrier to the Independence of Kashmir 8. Kashmiri Youth tend towards extremism rather than joining the political movement. Causes behind the Kashmir Conflict 1. Redcliff's Award 2. Indian Aggression 3. Maharaja Ha...